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Brahmasutra, Brahma Sutra Bhashya, Adi Shankaracharya, Shankara, sankara, IndianPhilosophyCollection Publisher www.sankara.iitk.ac.in Collection opensource Contributor Sabyasachi Mishra Language Sanskrit. Srimadandhra Shankara Vijayamu March 23, 2010 ‘Srimadandhara Shankara Vijayamu’ is a concise biography of Jagadguru Sri Adi Shankara Bhagavatpada’s life in Telugu based on Sri Madhaviya Shankara Divgijaya. Also available with us `Sri Madhaviya Shankara Digvijaya in Kannada and Tamil. In India, Vivekachudamani is widely believed to be authored by Adi Shankara (or Adi Shankaracharya). Paul Hacker, an Indologist and scholar of Advaita, set out a methodology for ascertaining authorship of Advaita texts and he concluded that though the Vivekachudmani is unusual in parts, it was likely authored by Adi Shankara. Adi Shankaracharya Tamil Books Pdf. Posted on 3/24/2019 by admin. Adi Shankaracharya Tamil Books Pdf Rating: 4,1/5 4569 reviews. Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam.
Results 1 – 16 of 55 English & Indian Languages:English|Hindi|Marathi|Telugu|Sanskrit|See more · Sri Shankara Stotrani (Sanskrit). 1 January by Sri Adi. Sri Adi Sankara Some events, and an artist’s impression: Lord Shiva, also known as Dhakshinamurthy, who spreads the Universal Truth not by words but by his. Adi Shankara was an Indian philosopher and theologian who expounded the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.
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Adi Shankaracharya
When his mother felt helpless, Shankara urged her to allow him to die as a monk. After his father’s death, Shankara shows his remarkable power in acquiring mastery over four Vedas at the age of eight.
He then proceeded to teach Shankara the philosophy of Advaita which he himself had learnt from his guru, Gaudapada Acharya. Sep 14,p. He also taught about Advaita, the principle that every one in this world is the manifestation of God and that God and Atman are one and the same. While Sri Sankara and Mandana Mishra were walking, Sarasawani did not move and stood fixed in the sands of Tungabadra.
The Solution — English Story August 1, Adi Shankara is most known for his systematic reviews and commentaries Bhasyas on ancient Indian texts. Rituals and rites such as yajna a fire ritualasserts Shankara, can help draw and prepare the mind for the journey to Self-knowledge. University of Chicago Press. Lord Dakshinamurthy, pleased with the reply, was born to Aryambal under the star “Thiruvaithhirai”.
Nirvanaa term more often shaankaracharya in Buddhism, shankarahcarya the liberating realization and acceptance that there is no Self anatman. Sanandhyaya, little realising that he would drown, starts walking into the river. A few theories suggest that Aryamba had a dream in which Lord Shiva himself promised her that he would be taking birth as her child.
Jagadguru Adi Shankara – Wikipedia
Shankara’s hagiography describe him as someone who was attracted to the life of Sannyasa hermit from early childhood. However, his works and philosophy suggest greater overlap with Vaishnavism, influence of Yoga school of Hinduism, but bipgraphy distinctly his Advaitin convictions with a monistic view of spirituality. The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana. However, the Grace of his Guru resulted in a lotus materialising wherever he was keeping his foot.
Shankara lived in the time of the so-called “Late classical Hinduism”, [] which lasted from till CE. Criticism of religion Ethics in religion Exegesis History of religion Religion Religious language Religious philosophy Relationship between religion and science Political science of religion Faith and rationality more Westminster John Knox Press.
Read more history related articles. Anantanand Rambachanfor example, summarizes the widely held view on one aspect of Shankara’s epistemology before critiquing it as follows.
This tatankam, the earrings, has been maintained over time by the Acharyas of the Kanchi Mutt.
Vachaspati Mishra in the Bhamati rightly interprets this point as referring to the opinion of the Madhyamikas that logic is incapable to solve the question about what existence or non-existence really are. Sri Sankara visited this biofraphy and became ecstastic on seeing the linga at the foot of this tree. According to Mudgal, Shankara’s Advaita and the Buddhist Madhyamaka view of ultimate reality is compatible because they are both transcendental, indescribable, non-dual and only arrived at through a via negativa neti neti.
He was an exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy which refers to the recognition that the true Self, Atman, is the same as the highest Reality, Shankaracbarya. Saraswani showered questions like rain and Sri Sankara gave very beautiful bioggaphy and Sarasawani acknowledged him, and followed Sri Sankara and her husband’s footsteps.
According to Shankara, Hinduism believes in the existence of Atman, while Buddhism denies this. Moksha Anubhava Turiya Sahaja.
Knowledge alone and insights relating to true nature of things, taught Shankara, is what liberates. Hinduism portal Indian religions portal India portal.
Sri Manjunatha film.
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One day, the rishis came to him and reminded him of his duty to the land in spreading spiritualism. Mudgal concludes therefore biogrwphy. Aryamba played a key role in teaching Vedas and Upanishads to a young Shankara.
Sri Sankara turned back and realised by his divine powers that Sarasawani did not want to proceed any further and created a seat for her for spreading the Advaita. There are at least fourteen different known biographies of Adi Shankara’s life. The disciples of Sri Sankara shouted at him to make way, biograhpy to keep a distance.
Shankara has an unparallelled status in the tradition of Advaita Vedanta. Moksha Moksha Anubhava Turiya Sahaja. At the age of four, he lost his father.
In another sequence, a Chandala Nagarjuna Akkineni proves to Shankara that all the people are equal before God. It has more than 2 lobes consisting sjankaracharya bearings. Sri Sankara created two sets of earrings which are called Tatankam and he presented these to the Goddess. As Shankara grew up, he attraced everybody shankarachraya his intelligence and kindness.
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Jan 3, 2014 - ADI SANKARA. A TAMIL AND ENGLISH TRANSLATION. Traditionally the work is ascribed to Sri Sankara, but some dispute this.
Jump to navigationJump to searchAuthor | Attributed to Adi Shankara,[1] though generally rejected by modern scholarship[2][3] |
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Language | Sanskrit |
Subject | Hindu philosophy |
Genre | AdvaitaVedanta |
Publisher | Original: 8th century or later; Modern: T.K. Balasubramania Iyer (1910)[4] |
Many (Madhavananda (1921), Charles Johnston (1946), John Grimes (2004)) | |
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The Vivekachudamani (Sanskrit: विवेकचूडामणि) is an introductory treatise within the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hinduism.[5] It is in the form of a poem in the Shardula Vikridita metre,[6] and for many centuries has been celebrated as a prakaraṇa grantha (teaching manual) of Advaita.[5] The Hindu tradition attributes it to Adi Shankara of the eighth century CE. This attribution is controversial, generally considered 'most probably erroneous' by modern scholarship. Its likely author may be one of the other Shankaracharyas of the Advaita tradition.[2][7]
Vivekachudamani literally means the 'Crest-jewel of discrimination'.[8] It expounds the Advaita Vedanta philosophy in the form of a self-teaching manual, with many verses in the form of a dialogue between a student and a spiritual teacher. The text discusses key concepts and the viveka or discrimination or discernment between real (unchanging, eternal) and unreal (changing, temporal), Prakriti and Atman, the oneness of Atman and Brahman, and self-knowledge as the central task of the spiritual life and for Moksha.[9][1][10]
Through the centuries, the Vivekachudamani has been translated into several languages and has been the topic of many commentaries and expositions.
Author[edit]
The authorship of Vivekachudamani has been questioned.[1][note 1]Paul Hacker, an Indologist and scholar of Advaita, set out a methodology for ascertaining authorship of Advaita texts and he concluded that though the Vivekachudmani is unusual in parts, it was likely authored by Adi Shankara.[5][11] Hacker stated that the definitions of the key concepts, premises and ideas found in the Vivekachudmani match with those in Shankara's established authentic works.[5]Daniel H. H. Ingalls Sr., another influential Indologist, rejected Hacker's conclusion by accepting Hacker's methodology and presenting evidence from its manuscripts that some of the ideas in the text do not fully agree with those of Adi Shankara.[5][11]
According to Michael Comans, a scholar of Advaita Vedanta, though the Hindu tradition popularly believes that Adi Shankara authored Vivekachudamani, this is 'most probably erroneous'.[7] Comans gives the following reasons for his doubts: the highly poetic style of Vivekachudamani is not found in other genuine works of Adi Shankara; there is a lack of extensive commentaries (bhasya) on Vivekachudamani which is unusual given the extensive commentaries on his other works; and unlike Shankara's other genuine works which give minimal importance to 'nirvikalpa samadhi' practices, the Vivekachudamani gives special importance to it.[7] Though Vivekachudamani is a popular manual on Vedanta, it is probably the work of a later Shankara, and not Adi Shankara, states Comans.[7] Yet another theory, states Berger, is that 'rather than simply having been written or not written by [Adi] Sankara, the Crown Jewel of Discrimination may be a corporately authored work [of Advaita monasteries] that went through revisions'.[5]
According to Natalia Isayeva, a scholar of Advaita Vedanta, it is 'far less probable' that Adi Shankara authored Vivekachudamani.[12] Sengaku Mayeda, another scholar of Indian Philosophy and Advaita Vedanta, states that though widely accepted as Shankara's work, Vivekachudamani is likely not his work.[13]
According to John Grimes, a professor of Hinduism and Buddhism known for his translation of Vivekachudamani, 'modern scholars tend to reject that Adi Shankara composed Vivekachudamani, while traditionalists tend to accept it', and there is an unending 'arguments and counter-arguments' about its authorship.[2] Grimes states that his work strengthens the case that 'there is still a likelihood that Śaṅkara is the author of the Vivekacūḍāmaṇi,' [2] noting that 'a strong case can be made that the Vivekacudamani is a genuine work of Sankara's and that it differs in certain respects from his other works in that it addresses itself to a different audience and has a different emphasis and purpose.'[14][5]
According to Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a Vedanta teacher, 'I do not think we lose anything even if the authorship is attributed to any other Sankaracharya of one of the various Sankara-mathas.' [15]
Manuscripts[edit]
Many historic manuscripts of Vivekacudmani have been found in different monasteries of Advaita Vedanta. These have minor variations, and a critical edition of these has not been published yet.[4] The earliest original Sanskrit manuscript of Vivekacudmani was published from Srirangam (Tamil Nadu) by T.K. Balasubramania Iyer in 1910.[4] This edition has attracted much of 20th- and 21st-century scholarship, and has been republished in 1983 after some revision and re-arrangement to reflect studies on it since 1910. Other editions have been the basis of a few Indian translations. The five most referred to manuscripts in Advaita scholarship have been published by Samata (Chennai), Advaita Ashrama (Kolkata), Sri Ramakrishna Math (Chennai), Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (Mumbai), Chinmayananda Ashrama (Mumbai).[4]
Contents[edit]
Vivekachudamani consists of 580 verses in Sanskrit. These cover a range of spiritual topics and their answers according to the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hinduism.
Section | Verses | Topics[16] | Text, transliteration and translation[9] |
1 | 1-31 | Man's life and quest, spirituality, liberation: basic aspects | pp. 41-64 |
2 | 32-71 | The need for a teacher, characteristics of a good teacher, characteristics of a good student | pp. 64-97 |
3 | 72-110 | The physical, the body: discriminating the three essences | pp. 97-132 |
4 | 111-135 | Nature and effects: five sheaths, three gunas | pp. 132-153 |
5 | 136-146 | The goal of spirituality, the nature of bondage, the nature of confusion, the nature of sorrow | pp. 153-165 |
6 | 147-153 | Atma and Anatma: discrimination, self-knowledge and bliss | pp. 165-171 |
7 | 154-225 | The path to self-knowledge | pp. 171-232 |
154-164 | Annamaya kosha and its negation | pp. 171-180 | |
165-166 | Pranamaya kosha and its negation | pp. 180-182 | |
167-183 | Manomaya kosha and its negation | pp. 182-197 | |
184-188 | Vijnanamaya kosha and its negation | pp. 197-201 | |
189-206 | The free soul, what is freedom and liberation, why self-knowledge is necessary | pp. 201-216 | |
207-210 | Annamaya kosha and its negation | pp. 216-219 | |
211-225 | Atman, what it is not? what is it? | pp. 219-232 | |
8 | 226-240 | The absolute brahman, the atman, the oneness, and the Vedic precepts | pp. 233-246 |
9 | 240-249 | That thou art: you are it! | pp. 246-255 |
10 | 250-266 | Meditation, its purpose, the method, questions to ponder and reflect on | pp. 256-274 |
11 | 267-338 | The method | pp. 274-336 |
267-276 | Understand and end vasanas (impressions, inertia, memorized beliefs and behavior) | pp. 274-283 | |
277-292 | Understand and end svadhyasa (superimposed sense of self) | pp. 283-294 | |
293-309 | Understand and end ahankara (false ego) | pp. 294-311 | |
310-319 | Renounce egocentric work, craving and sense objects | pp. 311-319 | |
320-329 | Be true to supreme self, be vigilant against delusion | pp. 319-327 | |
330-338 | Cherish oneness, there is no duality, no plurality; dwell in the real, not the unreal | pp. 327-336 | |
12 | 339-383 | Spiritual growth and nirvikalpa samadhi, the entire universe is you, you are the self of all | pp. 336-380 |
13 | 384-406 | Continuous attention to one's true nature | pp. 380-401 |
14 | 407-425 | Atam-vichar: self-inquiry | pp. 401-418 |
15 | 426-445 | Signs of a realized seer: jivanmukta | pp. 418-433 |
16 | 446-471 | The saint without plurality | pp. 433-454 |
17 | 472-520 | The disciple of knowledge and the experience of self-hood | pp. 454-493 |
18 | 521-575 | Final words of advice from the teacher | pp. 493-533 |
576-580 | Epilogue: the liberated disciple and the innermost essence of Vedanta | pp. 533-538 |
The text begins with salutations to Govinda, which can be interpreted either as referring to God or to his guru Sri Govinda Bhagavatpada.[8] It then expounds the significance of Self Realisation, ways to reach it, and the characteristics of a Guru. It criticizes attachment to the body and goes to explain the various Sareeras, Kosas, Gunas, Senses and Pranas which constitute the Anatman.[17] It teaches the disciple the ways to attain Self-realisation, methods of meditation (dhyana) and introspection of the Atman. The Vivekachudamani describes the characteristics of an enlightened human being (Jivanmukta)[18] and a person of steady wisdom (Sthitaprajna) on the lines of Bhagavad Gita.[19]
Significance[edit]
The Vivekachudmani has been celebrated for centuries as a lucid introductory treatise to Advaita Vedanta.[5] It is, states Berger, not a 'philosophical or polemical' text. It is primarily a pedagogical treatise, as an aid to an Advaitin's spiritual journey to liberation rather than 'philosophy for the sake of philosophy'. It is one of the texts of 'spiritual sustenance' in the Advaita tradition.[20]
The Vivekachudmani is one of several historic teaching manuals in the Advaita tradition, one of its most popular. Other texts that illustrate Advaita ideas in a manner broadly similar to Vivekachudmani but are neither as comprehensive nor same, include Ekasloki, Svatmaprakasika, Manisapancaka, Nirvanamanjari, Tattvopadesa, Prasnottararatnamalika, Svatmanirupana, Prabodhasudhakara and Jivanmuktanandalahari.[21] These texts are not attributed to Adi Shankara. Upadesasahasri, another Advaita teaching manual, is attributed to Adi Shankara.[22][23]
Commentaries and translations[edit]
There are two Sanskrit commentaries on this work. Sri Sacchidananda Shivabhinava Nrusimha Bharati, the pontiff of Sringeri, wrote a commentary titled Vivekodaya (Dawn of Discrimination) on the first 7 verses of this work. His disciple, Sri Chandrasekhara Bharathi, has written a Vyakhya or commentary on the first 515 verses of this work.
This work has been repeatedly translated into various languages, often accompanied by a commentary in the same language. English translations and commentaries include those by Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood, Swami Madhavananda, Swami Turiyananda and Swami Chinmayananda. Tamil translations and commentaries include those by Ramana Maharshi. Swami Jyotihswarupananda has translated the Vivekachudamani into Marathi.[24]
A recent scholarly translation of the text was published in 2004 by John Grimes – a professor of Hinduism and Buddhism. His translation has been reviewed by Douglas Berger, who states, 'the [Vivekacudmani] translation itself is a testament to Grimes’ surpassing Sanskrit skills and thorough knowledge of Vedantic textual exegesis. The unusually lucid presentation of the Sanskrit slokas is rendered with exactness and eloquent clarity in the English. The accompanying Upanisadic cross-referencing and Sanskrit-English lexicon of key terms will prove themselves enormously helpful to lay readers, students, and scholars.[25]
Famous verses[edit]
- Brahma satya jagat mithya, jivo brahmaiva naparah
Translation: Brahman is the only truth, the world is illusory, and there is ultimately no difference between Brahman and individual self[26] While this verse is frequently attributed to the Vivekacudamani, in fact it comes from Verse 20 of the Brahma Jnana Vali Mala.
- अर्थस्य निश्चयो दृष्टो विचारेण हितोक्तितः न स्नानेन न दानेन प्राणायमशतेन वा १३ (Arthasya nishchayo drishto vicharena hitokitthah; Na snanena, na danena pranayamashatena va)
Translation: By reflection, reasoning and instructions of teachers, the truth is known,Not by ablutions, not by making donations, nor by performing hundreds of breath control exercises.[27]
Notes[edit]
- ^According to Reza Shah-Kazemi the authorship of Shankara is doubtful,[3] though it is 'so closely interwoven into the spiritual heritage of Shankara that any analysis of his perspective which fails to consider [this work] would be incomplete'.[3] See also arshabodha.org, Sri Sankara’s Vivekachudamani, p.3-4, The Question of Authorship of Vivekachudamani
References[edit]
- ^ abcGrimes 2004.
- ^ abcdGrimes 2004, p. 23.
- ^ abcShah-Kazemi 2006, p. 4.
- ^ abcdGrimes 2004, pp. 274-278.
- ^ abcdefghBerger, Douglas L. (2005). 'The Vivekacudamani of Sankaracarya Bhagavatpada: An Introduction and Translation (review)'. Philosophy East and West. 55 (4): 616–619. doi:10.1353/pew.2005.0032.
- ^Usha 1990
- ^ abcdToṭakācārya; Michael Comans (translator) (1996). Extracting the Essence of the Sruti. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. xv–xvi. ISBN978-81-208-1410-3.
- ^ abMadhavananda 1921, p. 1
- ^ abSri Sankara’s Vivekachudamani, Achyarya Pranipata Chaitanya (Translator) and Satinder Dhiman, Tiruchengode Chinmaya Mission, Tamil Nadu (2011)
- ^Espín & James B. Nickoloff 2007, p. 1471
- ^ abGovind Chandra Pande (1994). Life and Thought of Śaṅkarācārya. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 117–119. ISBN978-81-208-1104-1.
- ^Natalia Isayeva (1993). Shankara and Indian Philosophy. State University of New York Press. p. 98. ISBN978-1-4384-0762-3.
- ^Sengaku Mayeda (2006). A Thousand Teachings: The Upadesasahasri of Sankara. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 10 footnote 33. ISBN978-81-208-2771-4.
- ^Grimes 2004, p. 13.
- ^Sri Sankara’s Vivekachudamani, Achyarya Pranipata Chaitanya (Translator) and Satinder Dhiman, p. 4
- ^Grimes 2004, pp. 56-273 (see pages 274-278 for variant readings).
- ^Sri Chandrashe hara Bharati of Sringeri. Sri Samkara’s Vivekacudamani. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xxi.
- ^'Man of wisdom'. The Hindu. 2005-06-29. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
- ^'State of liberation'. The Hindu. 2009-02-18. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
- ^Berger, Douglas L. (2005). 'The Vivekacudamani of Sankaracarya Bhagavatpada: An Introduction and Translation (review)'. Philosophy East and West. 55 (4): 618–619. doi:10.1353/pew.2005.0032.
- ^Govind Chandra Pande (1994). Life and Thought of Śaṅkarācārya. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 117–121. ISBN978-81-208-1104-1.
- ^Śaṅkarācārya; Sengaku Mayeda (Translator) (1979). A Thousand Teachings: The Upadeśasāhasrī of Śaṅkara. State University of New York Press. pp. 15–16. ISBN978-0-7914-0944-2.
- ^N. V. Isaeva (1993). Shankara and Indian Philosophy. State University of New York Press. pp. 220–221. ISBN978-0-7914-1281-7.
- ^Nagpur, India: Ramakrishna Math; 2009
- ^Berger, Douglas L. (2005). 'The Vivekacudamani of Sankaracarya Bhagavatpada: An Introduction and Translation (review)'. Philosophy East and West. 55 (4): 619. doi:10.1353/pew.2005.0032.
- ^Rosen, Steven (2007). Krishna's Song. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 70. ISBN978-0-313-34553-1.
- ^See:
- D. Datta (1888), Moksha, or the Vedántic Release, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, New Series, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Oct., 1888), pp. 513-539;
- Madhavananda’s translation of Vivekachudamani published in 1921, Himalayan Series 43
Sources[edit]
- Grimes, John (2004), 'Introduction', The Vivekacudamani of Sankaracarya Bhagavatpada: An Introduction and Translation, ISBN978-0754633952
- Usha, Brahmacharini (1990). A Brief Dictionary of Hinduism. Vedanta Press. ISBN978-0-87481-048-6.
- Espín, Orlando O.; James B. Nickoloff (2007). An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies. Liturgical Press. ISBN978-0-8146-5856-7.
- Madhavananda, Swami (1921). Vivekachudamani of Sri Sankaracharya. Advaita Ashrama.
- Prabhavananda, Swami; Christopher Isherwood (1970). Shankara's Crest Jewel of Discrimination. Vedanta Press. ISBN978-0-87481-038-7.
- Ranganathananda, Swami (2008). The Message of Vivekachudamani. Advaita Ashrama. p. 624. ISBN81-7505-308-9.
- Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2006), Paths to Transcendence: According to Shankara, Ibn Arabi & Meister Eckhart, World Wisdom
- Sri Chandrashekara Bharati; P.Sankaranarayanan (1999). Vivekachudamani (4 ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
Further reading[edit]
- Prabhavananda; Christopher Isherwood (1978). Shankara's crest-jewel of discrimination (3 ed.). Vedanta Press. ISBN978-0-87481-038-7.
- Chatterji, Mohini M. (2004). Viveka Chudamani Or Crest Jewel of Wisdom of Sri Sankaracharya. Kessinger Publishing. p. 212. ISBN978-1-4179-8207-3.
- Mishra, Dr. Suryamani (2016). Viveka Chudamani Hindi Translated. Chintan Prakashan. p. 126. ISBN978-93-85804-10-6.
External links[edit]
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Adi Shankaracharya Compositions
- Vivekachudamani with additional notes Translated by Swami Madhavananda, online ebook
- The Crest-Jewel of Wisdom: VIVEKACHUDAMANI, By Sankaracharya, Translated by Charles Johnston
Adi Shankaracharya Tamil Books Pdf Download
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